Which of the following factors can influence net primary productivity?

Net primary productivity (NPP) refers to the amount of organic matter or biomass that primary producers, such as plants and phytoplankton, generate through photosynthesis after accounting for the energy they use for respiration. Several factors play a significant role in influencing NPP in an ecosystem, and they can include temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels.

Temperature affects the metabolic rates of producers. Warmer temperatures can enhance photosynthesis rates up to a certain limit, facilitating growth and productivity. However, if temperatures are too high, it can lead to stress or even damage to plant cells, potentially reducing productivity.

Light availability is crucial for photosynthesis, as it is the primary energy source for plants. The intensity and duration of light can directly influence how much energy is available for primary production. In aquatic environments, factors such as water depth and turbidity can affect how much light penetrates and reaches photosynthetic organisms.

Nutrient levels are also essential since primary producers require various nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, to grow and reproduce. When nutrient levels are low, productivity is often limited, regardless of temperature or light availability. Conversely, an abundance of nutrients can enhance productivity, particularly in nutrient-poor environments.

Since all these factors—